Long-term memory of configural learning is enhanced via CREB upregulation by the flavonoid quercetin in <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>

ABSTRACT Animals respond to acute stressors by modifying their behaviour and physiology. The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits configural learning (CL), a form of higher order associative learning. In CL snails develop landscape fear when they experience predatory cue along with taste food. This results in suppression the food response; but memory only persists for 3 h. has also been found upregulate heat shock proteins (HSPs) as result stress, which leads enhancement formation. A plant flavonoid quercetin blocks upregulation HSPs experienced prior stress. Here, we used this blocking mechanism test hypothesis that HSP plays critical role CL. Snails training surprisingly instead formation it enhanced such now persisted at least 24 Quercetin exposure either or after long-term (LTM) up 48 We quantified mRNA levels transcription factor CREB1 central nervous system LymCREB1 be upregulated following exposure. LTM phenotype L. was most pronounced during consolidation phase. Additionally, reconsolidation phase led enhancement. Thus, no support our original leading